INTRODUCTION:

“The life of a mother is the life of a child, you are two blossoms on a single branch’’

“Preventable death and disability among mothers and expectant mothers is all encompassing tragedy: for families, for communities, for societies and most of all for children.” Pregnancy is one of the wonderful & Nobel service by nature, no woman shirks. Most of the women may not have problems during pregnancy but some are not so lucky, mothers face various problems related to pregnancy and child birth. In India mothers and children, who constitute a large group, are highly vulnerable to many problems which make them a special risk. Pregnancy is a normal physiological process and not a disease, but it is associated with certain risks to the mother and for the infant she bears. These risks are common in every society and in every setting. But in developed countries these risks have been largely over come because every pregnant woman has access to special care.

Hypertension is one of the common complication and contributes significantly to perinatal mortality and morbidity. Hypertension is a sign of underlying pathology which may be pre-existing or appear for the first time during pregnancy. The women at high risk for pregnancy induced hypertension include primigravida, younger or elderly, family history of hypertension, placental abnormalities, obesity, previous history of hypertension, chronic hypertension and multiple gestation.

Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a form of high blood pressure in pregnancy. It occurs in about 7 to 10 percent of all pregnancies. The incidence of pre-eclampsia/ eclampsia in hospital practice varies widely from 5-15%, in primigravida is about 10% and in Multigravida 5%. In developing countries, the incidence is expected to be higher; comparative low figures are reported in the hospital statistics due to inclusion of only severe degrees of the syndrome, the minor being ignored.

Yucesoy G, et al. (2014) suggested that hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are associated with increased risk of maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes. But wide spread of prenatal care can prevent the incidence and complications of PIH. During the clinical experience, researcher felt that the antenatal mothers have less knowledge regarding Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and its management. Investigator saw many antenatal mothers admitted in hospitals in emergency diagnosed with eclampsia in very bad state which worsens the prenatal outcomes. The operative delivery incidence was also increased in these patients and during admissions only it was assessed that some mothers even don’t take single visit during their pregnancy period and have worsen situation at the time of admission as they don’t have proper knowledge regarding antenatal visits and their benefits. As no study was conducted on exhibition in India, and if done it was not published. So, Investigator thought that exhibition is a good method to give education with the help of teaching aids to make the topic interesting and understandable so decided to organize exhibition for creating awareness and to enhance knowledge of the Antenatal Mothers regarding Pregnancy Induced Hypertension.

OBJECTIVES:

1. To assess the pretest knowledge regarding pregnancy induced hypertension among antenatal mothers in control and experimental group.

2. To assess the posttest knowledge regarding pregnancy induced hypertension among antenatal mothers in control and experimental group.

3. To compare the pretest and posttest knowledge regarding pregnancy induced hypertension among antenatal mothers in control and experimental group.

4. To find out the association between posttest knowledge regarding pregnancy induced hypertension among antenatal mothers and selected socio-demographic variables in control and experimental group.

HYPOTHESIS:

H₀:

The posttest mean knowledge scores regarding pregnancy induced hypertension among antenatal mothers in experimental group was not significantly higher than posttest mean knowledge scores in control group.

H₁:

The posttest mean knowledge scores regarding pregnancy induced hypertension among antenatal mothers in experimental group was significantly higher than posttest mean knowledge scores in control group at (p<0.05 level of significance).

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Research design:

Non equivalent pre-test post-test control group design.

Research setting:

Shaheed Babu Labh Singh Civil Hospital, Sacchar Hospital, Apex Hospital, Bath Hospital and Chawla Nursing Home, Jalandhar, Punjab.

Population:

All Antenatal mothers of Jalandhar, Punjab.

Target population:

Antenatal mothers attending antenatal outpatient department of Shaheed Babu Labh Singh Civil Hospital, Sacchar Hospital, Apex Hospital, Bath Hospital and Chawla Nursing Home, Jalandhar, Punjab.

Sample Size and Sampling Technique:

60 antenatal mothers and convenience sampling.

Tool and Method of Data Collection:

Part A- Socio-demographic variables

Part B- Exhibition on pregnancy induced hypertension

Part C - Self Structured knowledge Questionnaire to assess knowledge regarding pregnancy induced hypertension

Criteria for Sample Selection:

1. Inclusion criteria:

Mothers who were willing to participate in the study.

2. Exclusion criteria:

1. Mothers who were in1^st trimester.

2. Mothers with bad obstetric history.

Variables:

1. Independent Variable –

Exhibition on Pregnancy Induced Hypertension.

2. Dependent Variable –

Knowledge regarding Pregnancy Induced Hypertension.

Selection and Development of the Tool:

Selection and development of tool was done, based on the objectives of the study. Self structured knowledge questionnaire related to pregnancy induced hypertension was prepared for data collection. Content matter for the exhibition regarding pregnancy induced hypertension was prepared on the basis of review of literature, internet, searching books and guidance of experts. The content matter for exhibition and self structured knowledge questionnaire was translated into Hindi as per the convenience of sample.

Description of tool

Tool was divided into three parts.

Part A:

Socio-demographic variables regarding pregnancy induced hypertension among antenatal mothers consist of 10 items for obtaining information about selected background factors i.e. age, religion, education, occupation, income per month(in rupees), type of family, residential area, gravida, previous history of hypertension /family history of hypertension and source of information regarding pregnancy induced hypertension.

Part B –

This part consist of Exhibition on definition, causes, clinical features, alarming signs, management and preventive measures of Pregnancy induced hypertension.

Parts C:

This part consist of 30 items of Self Structured Knowledge Questionnaire to assess knowledge regarding pregnancy induced hypertension among antenatal mothers. Each item has four options and only one option was correct. Each correct response carried ‘1’score and incorrect response carried ‘0’ score. The maximum score was 30 and minimum score was 00

Table-1 Criterion Measure for Level of Knowledge

Level of knowledge	Score	Percentage (%)
Excellent	25-30	83.33-100
Good	16-24	53.33-80
Average	08-15	26.67-50
Poor	00-07	00.00-23.33

Maximum Score=30

Minimum score=00

Pilot study:

The pilot study was done in February. It was conducted at S.G.L Charitable Hospital, Jalandhar on 12 antenatal mothers i.e. 6 in control group and 6 in experimental group.

Reliability of Tool:

Reliability is the degree of consistency or dependability with which an instrument measures the attributes. Reliability was calculated by Karl Pearson’s Coefficient Correlation (test-retest method). The reliability of self structured knowledge questionnaire was 0.8. Hence, the tool was reliable.

Data Collection Procedure:

The data collection procedure of the study was carried out in March, 2015. The investigator, prior to commencing the task of data collection formal permission was taken from the Medical Superintendent and Senior doctors of selected hospitals namely Shaheed Babu Labh Singh Civil Hospital, Sacchar Hospital, Apex Hospital, Bath Hospital and Chawla Nursing Home, Jalandhar, Punjab. Data was collected from 60 antenatal mothers i.e. 30 in control group and 30 in experimental group. Data was collected by using self structured knowledge questionnaire related to Pregnancy induced hypertension among antenatal mothers attending antenatal outpatient department of selected hospitals, Jalandhar, Punjab. Written informed consent was taken from each study sample. The researcher introduced herself to the respondents and explained the purpose of gathering the information. They were assured that their responses would be kept confidential and used only for research purpose. On the first day pretest was taken from control and experimental group and exhibition was administered to experimental group and on the seventh day posttest was taken from control and experimental group.

Ethical Consideration

1. Written permission was taken from the Principal of the S.G.L Nursing College, Semi, Jalandhar, Punjab.

2. Ethical clearance was taken from the Ethical Clearance Committee of S.G.L Nursing College, Semi, Jalandhar, Punjab.

3. Written permission was taken from the Medical Superintendent and Senior Doctors of the selected hospitals i.e. Shaheed Babu Labh Singh Civil Hospital, Sacchar Hospital, Apex Hospital, Bath Hospital and Chawla Nursing Home, Jalandhar, Punjab.

4. Written informed consent was taken from each study sample.

5. Confidentiality and anonymity of each sample was maintained throughout the study.

Plan of data analysis:

Data analysis and interpretation of data was done according to the objectives of the study. Analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics used was frequency, mean percentage, mean and S.D. inferential statistics were calculated by chi square, ‘t’ and ANOVA test. Bar diagrams were used to depict the findings. The level of significance chosen was p<0.05

MAJOR FINDING:

· According to age, In control group majority 13(43.33%) were in the age group of 21-25(years) whereas in experimental group majority of respondents 15(50%) were in age group of 21-25(years)

· As per religion, in control group majority of respondents 18(60%) were Hindu, whereas in experimental group majority of respondents 21(70%) were Hindu.

· In accordance with Education, in control group majority of respondents 11(36.66%) were those whose education was higher secondary and above, whereas in experimental group majority of respondents 12(40%)were those whose education was higher secondary and above.

· According to Occupation, in control group majority of 26(86.66%) antenatal mothers were unskilled whereas in experimental group majority of 27(90%) were unskilled.

· In accordance with Family Income per month (In rupees) in control group majority of 11(36.66%) antenatal mothers had family income Rs.5001-10,000 whereas in experimental group majority 10(33.33%) had family income Rs.5001-10,000.

· According to Type of family in control group majority of 26(86.66%) antenatal mothers were belonging nuclear family whereas in experimental group majority of 27(90%) were belonging nuclear family.

· As per Residential area, in control group majority of 21(70%) antenatal mothers were from urban area whereas in experimental group majority 20(66.66%) were from urban area.

· According to Gravida in control group majority of 20(66.66%) antenatal mothers were primigravida whereas in experimental group majority 20(66.66%) were primigravida

· In relation to Previous history of hypertension/ Family history of hypertension in control group majority of 23(26.66%) antenatal mothers had absent history whereas whereas in experimental group majority 22(73.33%) had absent history.

· As per Source of information in control group majority of 10(33.33%) antenatal mothers had information from others (who met incidentally) whereas in experimental group majority 9(30%) had information from mass media.

I- As per Pretest:

In pretest knowledge findings, out of 30 antenatal mothers in control group score regarding pregnancy induced hypertension majority 19 (63.33%) antenatal mothers had good knowledge whereas in comparison the pretest knowledge score of experimental group out of 30 antenatal mothers, majority 16 (53.33%) antenatal mothers had good knowledge.

II- As per Posttest:

In posttest knowledge findings, out of 30 antenatal mothers in control group majority 19 (63.33%) antenatal mothers had good knowledge whereas In comparison the posttest knowledge score of experimental group out of 30 samples, majority 26 (86.67%) antenatal mothers had excellent category.

III- Comparison:

In comparison, the posttest mean knowledge score 26.03 in experimental group was higher than post mean knowledge score 16.46 in control group and it was statistically significant at p<0.05 level. Hence H₁was accepted and H₀ was rejected.

IV- Association:

There is no significant relation of the socio-demographic variables with knowledge of antenatal mothers regarding pregnancy induced hypertension in control and experimental group.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

My study is purely dedicated to my god and beloved parents.

FINANCIAL SUPPORT:

Self

REFERENCES:

· Sudharshanamma G. A quasi experimental study to assess the effectiveness of pregnancy induced hypertension and its management among antenatal outpatient department at KCG Hospital, Banglore. Unpublished thesis of 2010, http://www.rguhs.ac.in/dc/onlinedc/uplo ads/05_ N108_ 22552.doc.

· Marak R. A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding gestational hypertension among primigravida mothers, Bangalore. Unpublished thesis(2009-2010)

· Dutta D.C. Textbook of Gynaecology.5th edition. Delhi: New Central Book Agency, 2009.

· Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension, webmaster @chw.org reviewed on 8/2/2011.

· Okali B. A Descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding alarming signs and symptoms of pregnancy induced hypertension and its prevention among primipara mothers in selected hospitals at Gulbarga. Unpublished thesis 2009, http://www.Rguhs.ac.in/cdc/on line dc/uploads/05_N01 8_ 141 31 .doc

Received on 01.08.2015 Modified on 24.08.2015

Int. J. Adv. Nur. Management 3(4): Oct. - Dec. 2015; Page 367-371

DOI: 10.5958/2454-2652.2015.00036.0